Designing Clear Sentences Essay Sample

Designing Clear Sentences Essay Sample Constructing Clear Sentences and Paragraphs Linguistic Essay Constructing Clear Sentences and Paragraphs Linguistic Essay Correct wording is vital in developing well-structured sentences and paragraphs. If one wants to make communication clear, he or she must arrange words properly to develop clear sentences and well-developed paragraphs. It is crucial to make sentences and paragraphs understandable to readers or listeners. After building correct sentences, the next thing in the process of designing well-written articles is to join the sentences into perfect paragraphs. This is essential if the writer wants to communicate his/her ideas in an organized manner. This has to be done in order to convey a complete topic or idea. There is not any formulae to determine the number of sentences that should be in a paragraph, and this only depends on the complexity as well as the depth of the logic used. The harmony as well as the way ideas are related among the laid down sentences determines the constituents of a paragraph. Each sentence in the paragraph should at least have a relationship with the primary idea i n a clear manner. This essay provides ways and various steps in designing clear sentences and organizing paragraphs from them. First, the ways of creating good sentences include: content limit, short sentence method, word-economy method, determining emphasis in a sentence, provision of unity, and, lastly, arrangement of sentences to provide clarity of thought. Second, the various ways of designing a paragraph that is clear and precise include: providing unity in the paragraph, keeping it short, providing a topic sentence, shun unnecessary details, and, lastly, issue paragraph movement (Bell Farkas, 2001). Ways of Designing Clear Sentences When designing clear sentences, one should ensure that they are not wordy. Bell and Farkas (2001) state that short sentences are attractive to many readers arguably because of human mind limitations. The researchers also state that most readers are rather busy, and writing short and precise sentences saves time. Short sentences, in most cases, range from sixteen words to eighteen words. However, the excessive usage of short words proves to be less attractive. The two ways of shortening sentences and making them clear include limiting the content of the sentence and word economy. Limiting the content of a sentence is whereby one is supposed to select thought units first and then develop separate sentences. It is important to avoid de-emphasizing content if the thoughts are closely related. One should avoid excessively using short sentences, since it presents variable effects according to Kelly (2014). Word-economy refers to seeking shorter alternative means of saying things and suggestions, and it includes: Cluttering Phrases One should shun avoid cluttering phrases and substitute them with shorter expressions, for instance, while someone is trying to mean ‘at the present time,’ he/she should just indicate ‘now.’ Besides, if the writer is trying to mean ‘in the meantime,’ he/she should avoid writing such long phrase and write a short and a precise one as ‘meanwhile.’ Instead of writing ‘in the near future,’ just indicate ‘soon’ (Kelly, 2014) Surplus Words One should avoid using surplus words. These are words that do not add any information to a sentence. Most writers often employ meaningless words or phrases as a matter of their habit. This includes such phrases as, ‘The secretary requested chairs that are of executive class,’ This sentence should be written precisely as, ‘The secretary requested executive-class chairs.’ The latter is a short and precise sentence that does not contain surplus words (Kolin, 2013). Construct Sentences Directly to the Point A good writer should describe or tell about something as it is. Direct manner at all times in the best way of communicating a message. For instance, instead of saying or writing a sentence as, ‘She looked at anyone she came in contact with,’ a good writer should paraphrase it as, ‘She looked at everyone she met.’ Another example of an indirect sentence is, ‘The national budget can be observed to be increasing each decade.’ It is better to avoid the aforementioned structure and write, ‘The national budget is increasing each decade’ (Campbell, 1999). Unnecessary Word Repetition Words can be repeated only while emphasizing something or with an aim of creating a certain effect on the recipient. Instead of writing a repetitive phrase as, ‘the children should assemble together at 2:00 pm in the afternoon,’ just indicate, ‘the children should assemble at 2:00 pm’ (Kolin, 2013). The other method of constructing clear and precise sentences is to determine their emphasis, whereby the writer is supposed to provide each item with the due emphasis it requires. That is, by showing the importance of an item in the sentence. Short sentences, in most cases, emphasize the content, but the long ones de-emphasize the same. Determining the emphasis is an issue of fine judgment, for instance, the following sentence only emphasizes on the gained money, ‘Although their business suffered record loss last month, it gained a lot of money.’ The following sentence, on the other hand, emphasizes on the record loss only, ‘Their business suffered record loss last month although it gained money.’ However, the sentence, ‘Their business gained money last month. The gain occurred despite record losses’ has equal emphasis (Kolin, 2013). The Importance of Unity in a Sentence All parts of a sentence should possess a similar thought and have unity. The three causes of error of unity are: unrelated ideas, excessive details, and illogical constructions (Bell Farkas, 2001). Unrelated Ideas Though a sentence may be grammatically correct, placing unrelated ideas together distorts the sentence unity. Kelly (2014) argues that one can, however, avoid such errors by placing unrelated ideas in different sentences. Besides, one should also exercise subordination of ideas. Adding a word, or words, that may present some relationship may reduce this error. For instance, a sentence, ‘Mr. Smith is the overall manager, and he has a certificate in computing’ may be changed to the following one, which shows subordination of ideas, ‘Mr. Smith, our overall manager, has a certificate in computing.’ However, another sentence may be constructed to show separate ideas, ‘Mr. Smith is our overall manager. He has a certificate in computing.’ Excessive Details Excessive details lead to the elimination of a sentence unity. However, if details are important, a writer should put them in a different sentence. This again means employment of short sentences leading to precise writing (Campbell, 1999). Illogical Constructions Illogical construction can deprive a sentence of its unity. If a writer includes active and passive voice in the same sentence, it distorts unity. For instance, ‘First he reduce price, and then the quantity was reduced’ in this sentence, there is no unity. However, such sentence can be rewritten as, ‘First, he reduced the price, and then he reduced the quantity.’ This one, on the other hand, brings unity (Campbell, 1999). Methods in Designing a Good Paragraph Clear writing requires correct grammar use and following all rules based on logical relationships and custom. Proofreading is paramount if the writer wants to provide a well-written work (Bell Farkas, 2001). The four basic steps that should be considered while developing clear paragraphs include unity, order, coherence, and completeness (Wingersky et al, 2009). Unity Each paragraph possesses a particular controlling idea. The topic sentence introduces the main idea of a paragraph. Unity may vary, but unity in a paragraph only concerns its topic. A paragraph is summarized by taking into account the idea presented in the topic sentence. Depending on the writer’s decision, the topic sentence can be the initial sentence or any other sentence in the paragraph. This topic sentence in a paragraph directs the reader to the writer’s main idea he/she wants to express. It is a general sentence in the paragraph. The writer should make clear judgment while creating a topic sentence and consider all the points and themes intended to be put in the paragraph. The other sentences in a paragraph are known as supporting sentences, and they provide extra details of the topic sentence. They may include examples, facts, and some further details. They issue a clear explanation why the main idea is true. A paragraph can have several supporting sentence in order to corroborate the central idea (Kolin, 2013). Order Order in designing a paragraph refers to the manner in which a writer organizes his or her supporting sentences. The manners include: a) chronological, which refers to time order or order of events; b) spatial, which refers to understanding of the way things are organized in space; c) emphatic, where the writer has to present details in their order of emphasis or significance; d) cause and effect, where the writer has to indicate a specific situation; and e) comparison and/or contrast, where the writer examines differences and similarities of things (Wingersky et al, 2009). Coherence Coherence is a quality that enables a written work to be understandable. The sentences placed in a paragraph need to have connection, and they should work together. The best manner to achieve this is to employ transition words. A writer may employ transition words that show order, e.g. ‘first,’ ‘second.’ A writer may also show spatial relationship, for instance, by using such words as ‘below’ and ‘above.’ The writer may demonstrate logical relationship, for instance, by using such transitions as ‘in addition to’ and ‘furthermore.’ The other different means of maintaining coherence is the employment of constant verb tense. In addition, it is important to be consistent with the presented point of view (Kelly, 2014). Completeness Completeness refers to a good development of a paragraph. That is, if all sentences in a paragraph support the central idea sufficiently and clearly, then the paragraph may be regarded complete. A paragraph is incomplete if there are not enough sentences that elaborate the main point. In most cases, for a paragraph to be declared complete, it must have at least three sentences supporting the main idea, a topic sentence, and a concluding sentence. The concluding sentence gives a summary of the key idea through offering reinforcements to the topic sentence. This concluding sentence finishes the paragraph and prepares one to perceive the information presented in the following paragraph (Kelly, 2014). Transition In other cases, the writer may opt to begin a paragraph with a reference to the previous paragraph, and this is termed as paragraph transition. Transitions are vital in providing clarity. Transitional words demonstrate to the reader of the article all possible shifts in the sequence of thoughts. Besides, they assist in giving ideas in an organized and clear manner. Some of the transitional words assist in presenting the sequence of ideas, whereas others are employed in clarification of the relationship that is present between these ideas (Kelly, 2014). Editing Editing belongs to the last stages of writing, where a writer is expected to proofread the paper’s content and check each paragraph for mistakes and rectify them. In this stage, the writer checks spelling mistakes and grammar. He or she also ensures that there is a subject in each sentence and that the verbs and the subject correlate. In each sentence, the writer also verifies verb tenses and makes sure each sentence is meaningful. Moreover, when editing, the writer has to ensure that all paragraphs have a topic sentence and that the supporting sentences refer to the key idea. It is crucial to check if the paragraph has a concluding sentence. In addition to supporting sentences, a writer should also ensure that all sentences relate to the central idea. Afterwards, it is crucial to check the usage of transitional words and, finally, verify that the paragraphs are interesting (Bell Farkas, 2001). Tone While writing formal essays, one should eliminate the usage of first and the second person, which means avoid using ‘I’ or ‘you.’ Besides, in formal essays one should not use contractions, for instance ‘aren’t’ or ‘don’t.’ It is preferably to use the full version of the words, ‘are not’ and ‘do not’ respectively (Kelly, 2014). Length of Paragraphs An article is considered perfect, when its paragraphs are short and precise. Short paragraphs present some organization in the work, while the long ones become complicated to the reader and show some disorganization in the written work. Arguably, most readers would prefer written work that contains short paragraphs than the one with long paragraphs. Short paragraphs are written on average in eight lines (Campbell, 1999). Ensure Perfect Employment of the Topic Sentence Topic sentence assists in developing good paragraphs. However, not all paragraphs carry a topic sentence. This highly depends on whether the writer wants to place a topic sentence (Kelly, 2014). Eliminate Unnecessary Details Unnecessary information should not be included in the paragraph. One should include only the information that the reader wants, and this is after the writer has studied the readers and determined what they want to know. This is a matter of judgment (Kelly, 2014). Provide Movements in the Paragraphs For a written article to be considered of high quality, movement must be included in the paragraphs. Movement refers to the quality of writing that moves the reader towards the writer’s goal by implementing logical steps (Wingersky et al, 2009). In conclusion, it is paramount for a writer to follow the aforementioned steps in order to make his or her work attractive. A writer should also keenly study the behavior of the intended readers, that is, what the readers know and think. After obtaining this information, one can develop a design of what is required in a sentence. In particular, the writer should employ simple sentences while targeting people with fewer communicative abilities and employ complex sentences while targeting knowledgeable audience. Writing communicates optimally if it is not taxing the comprehension of readers. Emphasis should be managed while designing sentences. Designing of sentences should be done in a manner that is expressing the key point or idea. One should construct a manner with which to merge content into a chain of sentences. If one is presented with particular information, he or she should decide what information to use in forming a clear sentence, considering the order and the form to follow . Fostering awareness of separate sentence types as well as elements will assist one to become a good writer.

Why You Need Social Proof

Why You Need Social Proof It happened seven years ago, but Ive not forgotten the story. Famous violinist plays at public location on Stradivarius violin, barely anyone notices. A Stradivarius Violin. You think people would notice who was playing it. That wasnt the exact headline, but it could have been. The world-renowned violinist in question was Joshua Bell, and the location was the LEnfant Plaza Metro Station in Washington D.C. Bell stood, with his violin case open, and played some of the most difficult violin pieces without much reaction from anyone. As I read the 2007 article in The Washington Post about their experiment on whether people would react to Bell (whose concerts are far from free), I was frustrated. What is wrong with people? I thought. Why wouldnt people stop and listen? This isnt the first time where people have not noticed when something important was happening right in front of them. Most recently, graffiti artist Banksy set up a booth in New Yorks Central Park and sold paintings that would normally go for $31,000 for just $60. An unknown elderly man was in the booth to sell the paintings, and only three people ended up buying them. How do people miss out on recognizing a great musician or high-priced art like this?  It has to do with social proof, and context. What Is Social Proof? A few months ago, a reader had pointed out that there werent a lot of comments on our blog. You need them for social proof! he said. While I enjoy seeing comments on our blog posts, it hadnt occurred to me there was a reason to want them beyond enjoying discussion. Was he right? Was a lack of comments a bigger problem? In Robert Cialdinis article Six Principles Of Influence  (PDF), which covers techniques and qualities that people can use to convince other people to act in a certain way, social proof is number three on the list. Social proof is, quite simply, where you and I replicate the actions of those around us in the current situation, because we assume that is the correct behavior. 1. Social Proof Is A Shortcut If most people are doing something, we can rest assured that if we do the same we wont: Look stupid and stand out. Commit an unforgivable faux pas. Have to think if we should or shouldnt; the rest of the group did that thinking for us. Relying on social proof is easy in a day full of decisions to make. Are the rest of my co-workers staying late? Then I will. Did they leave early? Then I can, too. Social proof is a shortcut in the thought process. We dont have to think. The others already did (we assume). 2. Social Proof Is An Endorsement If I see a restaurant with many diners in it, I assume its a pretty good place to eat. If there is no one inside, then surely there must be something wrong with the place. I assume that other people know something that I dont know, and so I take their opinion on the restaurant–and how they vote with their feet–as the basis for my decision. When many people take part in something, it tells me that I ought to, too. I dont want to be left out (a huge fear for most people) and despite what my mother told me growing up (just because everyone is doing it doesnt mean you have to!), we are inclined to do what everyone else is doing. Social proof tells us what we out to do, because other people are doing so with apparent success and enjoyment. Social proof is using the crowd to convince others to join in.3. Social Proof Tells Me Right And Wrong Cialdini also talks about social proof in his book Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion, and he  suggests that [o]ne means we use to determine what is correct is to find out what other people think is correctWe view a behavior as more correct in a given situation to the degree that we see others performing it (116). Remember, one of the reasons people share content on social media is to ask for help in understanding how they should feel about it. We take cues on how to think about something by observing how others think about it. Social proof is similar; what others do tells me whether something is right or wrong. Social proof lets us off the hook when it comes to what seems right and wrong. We go along with the crowd, who has decided that for us. From the 1963 film Lord of the Flies. Criterion Collection. Allowing social proof to determine right and wrong is not necessarily a good thing. Consider examples of crowds or businesses (or children,   la Lord of the Flies) going off the rails and down the path of terrible ethics and actions. At the conclusion, we wonder how they could have veered so far off the path when all along they were using social proof as their guideline for what was acceptable. When the group around you has lower standards for what is right and wrong, it wont be long before you will, too. 4. Social Proof Works Best With Peers Its not necessarily any old crowd that can get us to do something. Sure, well take a strangers word for it when it comes to online reviews or whether or not theyre eating at a restaurant, but even then we put much more weight on the word of our peers. If five people ate at a restaurant? Interesting. If five friends did? Im sold. We listen to people on the same level as ourselves. Influence is often best exerted horizontally rather than vertically. – Robert B. Cialdini According to Cialdini, science supports what most sales professionals already know: Testimonials from satisfied customers work best when the satisfied customer and the prospective customer share similar circumstances. Well follow along with the crowd best if it is our crowd. The Herd Mentality Of Social Proof Painting of a buffalo jump by Alfred Jacob Miller, from Wikipedia. Social proof, as a reality of how groups of people act, is a bit disturbing. Near the farm where I grew up in northeast North Dakota, an elderly man collected rocks and other interesting finds hed come across on his land. I went to interview him for the newspaper that I was working for at the time, and spent several hours looking and listening to a fascinating history as seen through the eyes of geology. The best rock he saved for last. It was huge, and was outside in his flowerbed. Its surface was rough, except for one side which was polished smooth and shone in the sun. I found this near the buffalo jump, he said, gesturing to the rock as we stood in front of it. Theres a small one nearby. A buffalo jump? I asked. I wasnt sure what he meant. The Native Americans would drive a herd of buffalo over a cliff or into a ravine, he explained. The buffalo would tumble over the edge and be rendered immobile. They could then kill them easily. It was much more efficient. He described the buffalo jump hed found on his property, a ravine littered with bones that would frequently surface at spring thaw or with even mildly ambitious prodding around. He pointed to the rock, with its strangely smooth side. There were several of these rocks, lined up to the edge like the lines on the highway. These rocks helped them guide the buffalo to the correct area, and they were worn smooth from the animals rubbing against them. What does a buffalo jump have to do with social proof? We are the same as the buffalo, in a sense. We make decisions based on assumptions from the social cues around us rather than thinking. Im sure you believe you are above having a herd mentality, and that you make decisions based on careful thought, but the truth is that most of us dont. More often than not were functioning on default, i.e. not consciously deciding. We are letting other factors tell us how to decide, rather than thinking things through. The buffalo herd ran right off a cliff. Individually, they might not have, but as a large group in which all of the rest of the animals were doing it, they did, too.  In other words, we follow crowds, and to the extremes. Why didnt people notice the violinist, or realize the art on the street was worth so much? Because no one else did. The musician and the art werent in the proper context (concert hall, gallery). No one made the connection. Even those who did think something worthwhile was happening convinced themselves they were wrong because  no one else  was reacting. Its the bizarre  bystander effect, where the more people there are around, the less likely youll get help if you need it. Everyone can see theres something happening, but no one takes action until someone takes action which is a catch 22. How Do I Use Social Proof? As a content marketer, you need to know how to use your content to get people to act in a particular way. You need to find a way to tap into something that prompts them to listen to you, and using social proof is a way to do that without extensive work and effort. If you can get a few, you can get many, many more. You dont have to individually target all 100 people in a group. Just get 20, and the other 80 will follow. According to writer Aileen Lee, there are five kinds of social proof: Expert: Approval from credible experts. Celebrity: Approval from people we admire. User: Approval from people like me, doing what Im doing. Crowds: All of those people cant be wrong! Friends: Approval from those I trust. Each of these five types fits into the idea of how we listen to our peers. 1. Find The Right Spokesperson If you are trying to convince a group of teenagers that they shouldnt skateboard on your propertys concrete barriers, good luck. They probably wont listen. Youd be better off finding another teenage skateboarder that they respect to do the convincing. We listen to those we perceive as being on our same level. What is the audience you are trying to reach? Who is it made of? For , our audience includes people who use WordPress blogs, are serious about content marketing, and make heavy use of social media (or people who want to be like that). Finding regular people who are doing exactly that are more convincing as a spokesperson than all the slickest PR we might possibly generate, or having Huge Gigantic Corporation say I use . Its why we retweet comments on Twitter from users who are excited about , or why we share testimonials with photos and links.  Were showing our audience that others, just like you, use and love . Find a spokesperson who has the same experiences and speaks the same language as your audience. 2. Capitalize On The Identity Your Audience Wants I am certainly not close friends with celebrities, but I might  identify  with them or something they represent. There is no other reason for me to listen to a famous person who is otherwise wholly removed from my life, other than I am attributing a quality or identity to them that I want, also.

Olympic games in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Olympic games in China - Essay Example est import trading partner and the 11th export partner to the USA but by the year 2005, China had become the second largest import and the fourth largest export partner and the third largest trading partner overall next to Mexico, Canada and Japan. China has emerged as the main strategic partner to the USA. The USA has identified China as one of its top ten emerging markets. Just like commodities, capital requires high capital markets, and hence the USA has heavily invested in the Chinese markets, and this is a clear demonstration that China has become the largest overseas market for the USA capital. China and the USA have recorded remarkable achievement in terms of financial cooperation and by the year 2005, China was holding US$254.4 in US treasury bonds as well as a considerable number of US private securities and stocks. Consequently, by 2005, the foreign reserve of China reached US$810 billion and 60 percent of this was USA capital. The trade between the two countries has been, however, faced with numerous challenges emanating from the increasing friction and conflicts like RMB exchange rates, Intellectual Property Rights, market access and trade balance. Trade wars have had the tendency of ruining the trade and economic ties between the two countries and are not acceptable. This has been exemplified by the restrictions and the counter restrictions that was involved the textile trade between the two countries that involved up to seven rounds of negotiations that culminated in the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding regarding the trading of apparel and textile. This ref lected the settling of frictions and trade-based disputes in Sino-US economic ties. The USA imports a lot of daily necessities from China and these goods have been established to be of a good quality and of low or reasonable pricing that can easily satisfy the US market. The Chinese products are of great benefit to the US consumers, and they help ease inflation and facilitate the

World Issues and Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World Issues and Anthropology - Essay Example Anthropological study of environment will help me in defining and determining various forces that operate in the environment and the possible ways of handling the individual forces. I value anthropological study of the environment because of its efficiency and accurateness in providing a clear and broad overview on the ways one should interrelate and transform the environment into an attractive place for my stay. In addition, anthropological study of the environment will help in understanding various concepts that dominate different community and be able to structure appropriate techniques of ensuring maximum peaceful coexistence with different individuals. Understanding environmental issues from the anthropological point of view is equally critical for the world in that it helps in fostering peace and love, which are the basic determination of a healthy world. Anthropological study of the environmental issues assists and enlightens human beings from different societies concerning various business and trading activities and principles that overrule the current world. Anthropological study of the environment enable people to discern and understand the history of politics in different societies, to help in the set up and establishment of an appropriate political system to rule particular communities. In addition, anthropological study of the environment assists people in obtaining historical socio-cultural practices of different community thereby providing a clear link to perceiving the structure of different communities in the current world. Furthermore, anthropological study of the environment enables people opportunities to innovate a nd renovate vital tools and machines used in the contemporary world by studying the history of creation of certain items. Havilland argues that human nature is the same and only differs due to environmental changes within their surroundings. Havilland portends that the changes in the

Specialty Hospitals Essay Example for Free

Specialty Hospitals Essay Specialty Hospitals: A Problem or a Symptom? Specialty hospitals are not a new thing. However, as the number of specialty hospitals increases there is a question about their financial influence on the community hospitals. This paper discusses the results of two congressionally mandated reports on specialty hospitals. Main Concerns about Specialty Hospitals: 1. Clinical decisions made by physician-owners might be distorted by financial incentives 2. Specialty hospitals treat less complex, more profitable cases 3. Specialty hospitals do not treat uninsured or underinsured patients 4. Patient selection by specialty hospitals hurts community hospitals Congressionally Mandated Reports: The MedPAC report: Some of the positive findings according to MedPAC analysis on specialty hospitals are: better control over hospital operations, more organized schedule time in the operating room, operation’s room effectiveness, and more successful cooperation with the staff. In addition, MedPAC could not prove that the difference in financial performance affects efficiency at specialty hospitals. One of the main concerns that MedPAC had found was that if the number of the specialty hospitals increases significantly community hospitals could lose a lot of their patients. The other problem that MedPAC reported was that specialty hospitals are more likely to treat more- profitable patients. In order to improve payment accuracy, MedPAC recommended to refine of DRG’s and to revise the way the DRG relative weights are calculated. MedPAC also recommended to extend the moratorium until 1 January 2007 and to give HHS right to permit gain-sharing arrangements between physicians and hospitals in order to protect the quality of care and decrease the financial misunderstanding. The HHS report: Results of the report showed that community hospitals had more complicated cardiac patients than in cardiac specialty hospitals. However, cardiac hospitals had as good or even better care than care at their competitor hospitals, patient satisfaction was very high, rooms were larger and more quit, food was better, and specialty hospitals had sleeping rooms for the family members. The total proportion of net income devoted to uncompensated care and taxes combines exceeded the community hospitals’ net revenue for uncompensated care. HHS recommendations were the same as MedPAC recommendations. Conclusion: The disagreement over specialty hospitals even more points out that the payment system and the health care financing system need significant improvement. One of the things that could be done is to reconsider the position and potential status of facilities that apply to be treated. Also, the various payment systems could provide consistent payments for similar services across settings which would reduce the role of financial incentives. All these proposals have been discussed earlier, however, they all have been hard to build up and apply. Questions to class discussion: 1.

The Mighty Wedge of Class :: essays research papers fc

Mighty Wedge of Class by Todd Erkel Class is a curious, almost elusive thing. It makes rare appearances now and then in talk of the economy and such or in more heated academic debates, but rarely in private. It seems American pretty much avoid the subject at every opportunity by attempting to deny that these class divisions between people exist. But the stark reality is that class structures in America create the very nature of society, setting the hierarchical framework on which every American maintains an identity. This identity is often easily defined by economic standing or material wealth. But it can’t be that easy. As R. Todd Erkel seems to imply in his essay, "The Mighty Wedge of Class," which explores his working-class background, "class" is largely a construction of environment, while money factors little. But does it? Careful analysis of his essay shows that, although the cultural environment of a class, particularly the influence of parents and education, are important factors in d etermining one’s class, it is clear that money essentially determines and ultimately defines one’s class status in American society. Although Erkel presents evidence that the culture into which one is raised influences one’s future class status, he clearly suggests that it is essentially the possession of money that constructs this culture. His experience of growing up in a working class environment made him familiar with the general environment of the working class culture, particularly the behavior of those around him, especially his parents. However, this common behavior among the working class is largely shaped, if not determined, by common financial status. It is his parents’ status of low wealth in society that causes this behavior. He notes that, "the message received by children whose parents have battled with the world and come away feeling defeated is that they are better off not even trying." Erkel’s parents are one of many who try to make it financially in this "land of opportunity," but fail to achieve great wealth, fail to land the jobs that could elevate thei r status to one of high economic standing; thus, they are "willing to settle." Implied by his parents’ example is that the inability to find success financially in life shapes the common lifestyle of the working class and way of approaching life, particularly behavior. This behavior, the appearance of low wealth, creates and perpetuates the culture of the working class. Erkel was naturally influenced by this and learned to imitate this appearance. The Mighty Wedge of Class :: essays research papers fc Mighty Wedge of Class by Todd Erkel Class is a curious, almost elusive thing. It makes rare appearances now and then in talk of the economy and such or in more heated academic debates, but rarely in private. It seems American pretty much avoid the subject at every opportunity by attempting to deny that these class divisions between people exist. But the stark reality is that class structures in America create the very nature of society, setting the hierarchical framework on which every American maintains an identity. This identity is often easily defined by economic standing or material wealth. But it can’t be that easy. As R. Todd Erkel seems to imply in his essay, "The Mighty Wedge of Class," which explores his working-class background, "class" is largely a construction of environment, while money factors little. But does it? Careful analysis of his essay shows that, although the cultural environment of a class, particularly the influence of parents and education, are important factors in d etermining one’s class, it is clear that money essentially determines and ultimately defines one’s class status in American society. Although Erkel presents evidence that the culture into which one is raised influences one’s future class status, he clearly suggests that it is essentially the possession of money that constructs this culture. His experience of growing up in a working class environment made him familiar with the general environment of the working class culture, particularly the behavior of those around him, especially his parents. However, this common behavior among the working class is largely shaped, if not determined, by common financial status. It is his parents’ status of low wealth in society that causes this behavior. He notes that, "the message received by children whose parents have battled with the world and come away feeling defeated is that they are better off not even trying." Erkel’s parents are one of many who try to make it financially in this "land of opportunity," but fail to achieve great wealth, fail to land the jobs that could elevate thei r status to one of high economic standing; thus, they are "willing to settle." Implied by his parents’ example is that the inability to find success financially in life shapes the common lifestyle of the working class and way of approaching life, particularly behavior. This behavior, the appearance of low wealth, creates and perpetuates the culture of the working class. Erkel was naturally influenced by this and learned to imitate this appearance.

How far did the problems of his reign stem from Edward VI’s minority? Essay

It can be said that Edward VI’s minority, like many other boy Kings caused most of the problem’s in his reign simply because it was other men ruling the country to their preferences and not to the country’s. However, Edward’s minority was not entirely responsible for the problems of his reign, the financial situation, for instance, was inherited from Henry VIII. Edward’s minority did bring problems to his reign. Although Edward was a minor, it can be said that he influenced his councillors with his views on religion as well as on politics. The minority, however, meant that the councillors appointed by Henry VIII would rule the country until Edward was of age. However, Somerset manipulated the court and was named Lord Protector. One person was ruling England, meaning that he was carrying out his own views on matters, there was no consultation. Somerset, to a certain extent was more concerned with power than with the country. Somerset’s disastrous foreign policy can ultimately be blamed on Edward’s minority. Somerset was at war with Scotland as well as France. He was unable to secure a marriage alliance with between Edward and Mary Queen of Scots, which later married the French Dauphin. With the war he also drove England into further debt, thus Edward’s minority meant that Somerset was causing more problems than he was solving. Northumberland was also concerned with power. When Edward was dying, the succession had become a serious problem because Northumberland seemed to be firmly in control, but Edward’s death meant that he would lose power. In an attempt to secure his position he married his eldest son, to Lady Jane Grey in 1553. Jane Grey was proclaimed Queen by Northumberland, whilst Mary proclaimed herself Queen. Northumberland had underestimated the amount of support for Mary in the country. This event would perhaps not have occurred if Edward had not been a minor at the time; a smooth succession would have probably taken place. Both Lord Protectors had different aims. Whereas Somerset was more concerned with foreign policy, Northumberland tried to secure the financial situation. They seldom took the King’s views into account, thus his minority allowed the Lord Protector’s to do as they pleased in which case the problems did result as a result of Edward’s minority. Throughout the ages we see that boy Kings have been failures mainly because of their minority. An example of this is Edward V and his younger brother who were deposed by their uncle Richard Duke of Gloucester. We see that a minor King was weaker, less powerful and easier to control, thus many problems could arise as a result of the King’s minority to the extent of a deposition which occurred in 1483. However, there were problems that arose which did not stem from Edward’s minority. The financial situation was inherited from Henry VIII; he had left the country bankrupt. Even though Somerset may have driven England into further debt, the problem was already present, thus this problem did not stem from his minority because the problem was already present when he came to power. People did not revolt against Edward. The grievances made no mention of their unhappiness with the King. The Western Uprising and Kett’s Rebellion were caused by the unhappiness of the peasants because of religious as well as socio-economic factors. The Tudors were a popular monarchy, thus people would do little to cause the deposition of the King or even problems. All the problems we find in his reign did not all stem from Edward VI’s minority. Whoever ruled England from 1547 to 1553 faced great problems of inflation, poor harvests, and the ‘sweating sickness’ that killed many thousands in 1551. It is evident that the King’s minority cannot be held responsible for such uncontrollable things as disease and harvests. Somerset fell from power in 1549, despite this Edward remained in power. This is significant; it shows that in spite of Somerset’s failure to secure his position as Lord Protector as well as the foreign and financial policy, people were loyal to their King thus his minority did not always cause problems. An adult King would have prevented trouble developing amongst his councillors. There would have been no rivalries over power. Clear policies would have also been established, whereas the changes and compromises of Somerset and Northumberland could have only improved the government. However, Edward’s minority caused struggles over power, policies to the convenience and view of each councillor, and changes to suit each Lord Protector at the time, his minority seldom provided England with anything positive.

My Ending to Lamb to the Slaughter

Lamb to the Slaughter’s Ending It’s the same nightmare that haunts me every day. I wrapped bed sheet around my fragile frame covering my body, which is drenched with cold drops of sweat. I crawled to the darkest corner in my bedroom trembling of fear as I sank in the darkness. The voices never leave my side; they echo in my head like a drum whether I am awake or asleep. The moon light was tickling my eyes. I felt like an empty shell as I sat there on the freezing-cold ground while my high body temperature was emerging with the coldness of the ground.I leaned my bare back against the cold wall. I closed my eyes, lifted my chin up, and covered my ears very tightly. â€Å" You must find the truth â€Å" the voice said. It’s the same voice in my nightmare. Even though I don’t remember it when I wake up, but I have this feeling bottled inside of me that I have been having the same nightmare over and over every day, and that this voice haunting me is the same voice in my nightmare. I heard the creaking sound of the door opening as I saw my mother, the only person I have left, appearing like a shinning angel reaching out her hand for me in the darkness.She took her steps towards me as her soft brunette hair brushed my face, and her wide crystal emerald green eyes were glued to me. â€Å"Another nightmare? † she looked worried. â€Å" I just feel that there is something I am missing in this world,† I continued, â€Å" That there is something I must discover to put these nightmares and voices to sleep†. â€Å" You have a big day tomorrow , so go back to sleep,† she threw me one of her fake smiles. My name is Jessica Patrick. I got my ghostly-while skin from my father. I mean I totally look like Casper and his ghost buddies!I have a shiny golden hair that falls, beneath my shoulders into a tassel of soft curls. My eyes are lovely midnight blue and around my pupil, I have a silver lining around both of them on my e yes. I am twenty-five years old. My father was murdered before I was even born, but they never find out the murderer; as a result, the case was closed. I only saw my father’s face through pictures, but Mom never really talked about him. I only heard about him from our neighbors. They said that my father was a fine man. He loved my mother a lot, and he was really looking forward to y birth, looking forward to see the face of his very first child. I also heard that he was a police officer, and that he was very serious and passionate toward his work. The wrinkles that filled his face in a young age indeed was just a proof of that. He never skipped work, but he also made sure that his wife doesn’t have to look at the clock for too long. Everyone used to love him because of his consoling, yet serious personality. He just used to be the centre of the attention in his work, but they said he changed before he was killed. He was acting really strange as if something was botheri ng him.Everyone is saying that I look, act, and even think just like him. Today, is an important today in my life because today I will finally graduate from college and can work as a detective. I want to find the one who killed my father. I know that twenty-five years have passed since then, and the possibility of actually finding the murderer is almost impossible. I am sure I can do it though. I barely stood up as I was trying to steady my balance. I stand on my trembling legs wondering how is it that I can keep standing up with my legs shaking like this.I follow the same footsteps I walk on everyday to go to the bathroom. As I was washing my face, I felt hot air on my back. I turned around to see blood covering every inch of the room. I could barely see any color other than red. â€Å" The nightmare has begun. Your life shall be mine. PE PRAPERED! YOU SHOULDN’T HAVE COME HERE TODAY. Your time is running out,† was written by blood. I had no idea what did that mean. It wasn’t good news for sure. I started stepping backward as slowly and as soundlessly as possible until my back touched the sink. I turned around to look at the mirror. There was something wrong!I was there in the reflection, but in a totally different place. I couldn’t help but to touch the mirror. I don’t know what exactly happened but I opened my eyes to find myself in a totally different place. This is my childhood. I was looking at myself being bullied by the other kids at my school. I was always called ‘freak’. It’s not that I am a freak. It’s just that unlike other children. I didn’t want a doll. I wanted to buy a DVD of Detective Conan. I always wanted to be a detective. I was always jealous of the other kids in my school when their fathers used to pick them up.They just looked so happy. Why is it that they can be happy, and I can’t? Why did my father have to die? I wanted to take their happiness away. I wanted to be wrapped by my father’s hands. I wanted to be hugged by his warmth and never have to feel this coldness. I always thought that maybe if I found the murderer maybe then I can be happy. â€Å" Guilt is something we humans always feel. It is guilt that keeps us awake in the night. We always think that if we only could go back in time we would have done that and this. Don’t you agree with me Jessica Patrick? I heard as everything disappeared leaving nothing but me. â€Å" Who are you? How do you know my name? † I demanded. â€Å" You should find the answers yourself. How about we play a game of fate and destiny? † He questioned. â€Å" A game? † I raised an eyebrow. â€Å" Jessica Patrick. You’re twenty- five years old. You want to be a detective, and find the murderer that killed your father. When you used to be a child, you used to be envious of everyone because they all had fathers, and you didn’t. Is that correct? † He sound ed as if he was smirking. â€Å" Wait! How do you know all that? I panicked. â€Å" in front of you there are two door. The one on your right shall take you back to the real world. You would wake up normally and won’t remember a thing; however, you won’t have any another chance. The door on your left might change your life. If you choose the left door, you can discover the one who killed your father and even stop the death of your father; however, be warned changing the future is extremely dangerous. Which door will you choose? † He asked for my decision. So basically if I chose the door on my left, I will go back to my life.I can to my life, but there is big chance that I won’t find the murderer. Though I won’t remember this, but still I don’t want to have an opportunity like this and let it fly away. The door on the left side can change my whole life. I don’t know If it can kill me, but I guess the only way to find out for sure is to give a try. â€Å" I choose the left door,† I said with a slight hesitation hidden in my voice. â€Å" Very well, I shall give you an advice. The future can change by the simplest changes. The one you are looking for is someone you know.Beware of your enemy. No one is to be trusted but yourself. Before you start, you must know a few things,† he pointed out. â€Å" What kind of things? † I asked. â€Å" You only have two chances. If you father gets killed again, your soul will be mine; in other words, you will be nothing but an empty doll in the real world, and a clock will appear on your left shoulder the moment you walk into that door,† he cleared out. â€Å" I get it,† I said trying to look unshaken by his words. I finally saw everything. It left me awed-struck at the beauty of it.The fountains are covered in diamonds from head to toe. The water inside shimmered brightly. I saw an endless amount of doors wondering what existed behind them. Exo tic lamps made of pure gold. Statues were everywhere. The door on my left was huge and silver with black swirls all over it as twine does. The door opened as I took my steps cautiously towards it. I opened my eyes to find myself in a house that kind of looked similar to me. I had a feeling inside of me that I’ve been to this house. I suddenly saw my father sitting in the living room along with my mother.He looked bothered by something He sounded as if he was breaking up with my mother. I looked at the clock. I just understood. I only have one hour to solve this and change the future. I have to find the truth no matter what. I followed them to find mom swinging a big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on dad’s head. I can never believe that my mother was the one who killed my father. I went back the moment my father entered the house, but the time I have left is only thirty minutes now. I have to do the right thing, but what is i t?I quickly ran down and closed the door so that my mother won’t be able to open it that way she can never take the leg of the lamb, and my dad will leave her. The clock was shinning. I know that by doing this I’ve made a choice, which means I have to go back to my time and find if I made the right decision. â€Å" I see you’ve stopped your mother. Very simple way, yet very effective. You listened and understood my advice carefully as I said the future can be changed by simple changes. You do realize that you trying to have another chance to save your father costs you something right? † He asked me straightforwardly. Yes,† I closed my eyes. â€Å" You shall forget everything. When you wake up, you will be blind and you won’t remember ever coming to this place,† he said. It appeared that my father was having a dangerous case that’s why he had to leave my mother. He didn’t know when can he go back to her; as a result, he di dn’t explain it to her. After a year, he came back to her side. I believe that she was happy that she couldn’t open the door at that time and killed my father. I may have become blind, but at least now I can feel warmth. I always know that my parents are there by my side, and I never had nightmares again. The End.

Find out What the Pelagic Zone Is

Find out What the Pelagic Zone Is The pelagic zone is the area of the ocean outside of coastal areas. This is also called the open ocean. The open ocean lies over and beyond the continental shelf. Its where you’ll find some of the biggest marine life species. The sea floor (demersal zone) is not included in the pelagic zone. The word pelagic comes from the Greek word pelagos meaning sea or high sea.   Different Zones Within the Pelagic Zone The pelagic zone is separated into several subzones depending on water depth: Epipelagic zone (ocean surface to 200 meters deep). This is the zone in which photosynthesis can occur because light is available.Mesopelagic zone (200-1,000m) - This is also known as the twilight zone because light becomes limited. There is less oxygen available to organisms in this zone.Bathypelagic zone (1,000-4,000m) - This is a dark zone where water pressure is high and the water is cold (around 35-39 degrees).  Abyssopelagic zone (4,000-6,000m) - This is the zone past the continental slope - the deep water just over the ocean bottom. This is also known as the abyssal zone.Hadopelagic zone (deep ocean trenches, greater than 6,000m) - In some places, there are trenches that are deeper than the surrounding ocean floor. These areas are the hadopelagic zone. At a depth of over 36,000 feet, the Mariana Trench is the deepest known point in the ocean.   Within these different zones, there can be a dramatic difference in available light, water pressure and the types of species youll find there. Marine Life Found in the Pelagic Zone Thousands of species of all shapes and sizes live in the pelagic zone. Youll find animals that travel long distances and some that drift with the currents. There is a wide array of species here as this zone includes all of the ocean that is not either in a coastal area or the ocean bottom. Thus, the pelagic zone thus comprises the largest volume of ocean water in any marine habitat. Life in this zone ranges from tiny plankton to the largest whales. Plankton Organisms include phytoplankton, which provides oxygen for us here on Earth and food for many animals. Zooplankton such as copepods are found there and also are an important part of the oceanic food web. Invertebrates Examples of invertebrates that live in the pelagic zone include jellyfish, squid, krill, and octopus. Vertebrates Many large ocean vertebrates live in or migrate through the pelagic zone. These include  cetaceans, sea turtles and large fish such as ocean sunfish (which is shown in the image), bluefin tuna, swordfish, and sharks. While they dont live  in the water, seabirds such as petrels, shearwaters, and gannets can often be found above, on and diving under the water in search of prey. Challenges of the Pelagic Zone This can be a challenging environment where species are affected by wave and wind activity, pressure, water temperature and prey availability. Because the pelagic zone covers a large area, prey may be scattered over some distance, meaning animals have to travel far to find it and may not feed as often as an animal in a coral reef or tide pool habitat, where prey is denser. Some pelagic zone animals (e.g., pelagic seabirds, whales, sea turtles) travel thousands of miles between breeding and feeding grounds. Along the way, they face changes in water temperatures, types of prey, and human activities such as shipping, fishing, and exploration.

Attracting Students to NOVA Southeastern University - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Attracting Students to NOVA Southeastern University - Smart Custom Writing Human Resource Management 2The successful activity of any organization directly depends on the ability to control and manage the talents of the staff that can be helpful some innovative ideas, perspectives and consideration for the improvement of the working process. The problems and challenges that can appear in the working environment may be turned into strategic assets of the organization and used for he company’s prosperity.   Due to different talents and different cultural backgrounds, diverse genders, ages and completely different lifestyles, the company can have more business opportunities, work more quickly and creatively and achieve the desirable goals as quickly as possible. If the environment of the organization does not maintain diversity broadly, there is a high risk to lose talent to competitors. Mathis and Jackson (2010, p.34) assert that many companies are afraid of this very situation. Human resources department is one of the main departments in any structure or organization. The HR is responsible for such tasks as hiring (recruitment), compensation, evaluation and management, promotions, managing relations, planning and payroll. The objective of human resources department is to maximize the coming investment from the organization's human capital and, on the same time, reduce the financial risk to the minimal limits. According to the vital role that human resources department play, there are some challenges such as managing knowledge workers, managing technological challenges, competence of HR managers, competence of HR managers and managing change. Obviously, it is not a complete list or duties and responsibilities of the human research department and managers. One of the main aims of HR department is to organize the work of the staff properly and guarantee excellent and due performance of the work. In this case, one of the most widely spread management tools is the performance appraisal. The question of the using of this management technique is rather controversial as it has both, positive and negative effects on the personnel. The appraisal of genuine performance is a process that is able to alleviate a lot of dysfunctions of conventional systems of the performance appraisal as well as produce a more humane and moral human resource management process of making decisions. Performance of the appraisal critics demonstrates a great number of convincing arguments against its use. Armstrong and Mitchell (2008, p.56) state that there are many cases when this system resulted in different problems.   The major critiques are that person performance appraisal supposes a false level of measurement correctness, produces conflict and competition of   dysfunctional employee, allocates an excessive amount of liability for bad performance to employees while undervaluing the general working process, underemphasizes the significance of work group. One more problem that may arise from the usage of critics of performance appraisal is a conflict between appraised and appraiser. In this case, everything depends upon the personality of both. Obviously, the appraiser should keep in mind some personal features of the employee and take into account the probable behavior of the person. In this case the psychological skills of the manager play very important role, as apprais al should be presented in a correct manner whatever it may be, positive or negative.   Very often, the incorrect manner of presenting the appraisal can lead to the dysfunction of the employee performance and worse results of work. The appraisal should be presented in such a manner to evoke the employee desire to improve the way of work. The staff should feel its necessity whatever appraisal might be in order not to lose the desire to work more efficiently. Very often, many managers carry out the performance appraisals rather poorly. As a result, they face up not only the unpleasant meetings, but also those where the manager and the representatives of the staff never quite comprehend each other, never quite value the other's viewpoint, and never quite settle the suitable goals that are necessary to achieve within the year. Unfortunately, it is practically inevitable the member of the staff will be less happy and less productive after conversation. It proves once again that the crit ical appraisal of the work should be done properly and very carefully in order to avoid misunderstanding and decrease of the productiveness. While making the appraisal of the work of the staff, managers make one common mistake that can lead to frustration, misunderstanding and biased attitude in the team. While making the appraisal it is important to remember that it should be performed along with the employee, as only free eye-to-eye conversation can lead to the positive results. Otherwise, the employee can have the biased attitude form his or her colleagues and lose the desire to work productively. This is a kind of result that should be avoided in any case. In the book by Pynes (2009, p.67) there is a statement that critical appraisal of the performance has its positive effects and intentions. For instance, it can help in developing leadership skills by means of encouraging staff to work more effectively. Developing leadership is also very important, although it seems it is given less attention and development as it should be at all levels of the organization. Despite the fact that leadership is discussed on origin of personality and certain behaviors at an organizational level, which is more based on knowledge, the challenge is to improve employees who have performance based on their past records and knowledge into business leaders by imparting them with the necessary â€Å"software skills†. In any case, any kind of appraisal, positive or negative, can have good and bad results. Everything depends upon the manner of presenting it to the employee. Therefore, critical appraisal is not so scare and bad as it may seem although it ma y lead to positive changes within the tem and improve the performance of work. Reference List Armstrong, S. and Mitchell, B. (2008) The Essential HR Handbook: A Quick and Handy Resource for Any Manager or HR Professional , Sydney: Career Press.Mathis, R.L and Jackson J. (2010) Human Resource Management, Boston: South-Western College PubPynes, J. (2009) Human Resources Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations: A Strategic Approach (Essential Texts for Nonprofit and Public Leadership and Management, New York: Jossey-Bass

Leadership and Management devlpment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership and Management devlpment - Case Study Example Lose of social networks is among the major reasons why employees sent on overseas assignments may feel dissatisfied with their jobs. Even when the assignment might come with higher financial prospects, many expatriates miss the social support accorded to them by fellow employees and others in their circles (Ducharme and Martin, 2000). Employees of multinationals who are sent on oversees assignments find it hard to establish social ties with those from the local communities and are therefore not able to learn about the culture of host country. According to Maney and Stevenson (2001), the lack of social interaction between expatriates and locals is because of the perceived difference in both social and economic differences between the two groups. The expatriate might be isolated from the locals due to a number of reasons language barriers being a major factor. Daily, Trevis and Dalton (2000) notes when employees feel isolated, they are bound to experience high levels of stress especially when it is combined with having to work in a new and unfamiliar business environment, hardship in cross cultural adjustment as well as lack of enough information about work environment coming from the headquarters. Further, some employees fear that their career development is not well examined when they are on international duties. Lack of close contact with the headquarters makes the employee on international assignment feel that there career will not develop as planned due to the reduced contact with superiors and colleagues. Organizations with leadership and management development programmes should define job satisfaction using a multi-facet approach in order to take care of all the angle employees’ emotional response towards the assignment. Leadership and management programmes that fail in most cases perceive job satisfaction in terms of monetary and job promotion gains an employee stands to get by accepting the international

Legal, Social, and Economic Environments of Business Assignment

Legal, Social, and Economic Environments of Business - Assignment Example Despite small businesses enjoying a wide range of advantages over their large business counterparts like lower initial costs, flexibility in terms of operations and maximization of the few niche of customers that they handle, there are still several issues and challenges surrounding the handling of such businesses if not just a few that they have to contend with and manage. The issues revolve around finances of such organizations, management problems including wrangles in leadership and employee issues (Associates & Granville, 1989). The simple survey I carried out revealed to me a gist that many small businesses are at the dire risk of being bankrupt, this majorly arises due to the fact that most small businesses do not have at their disposal a wide range of financial sources to get money (Associates & Granville, 1989). Undercapitalization has also been highly attributed to poor planning and management of the few resources that are at their disposal, in our case there are very creative innovations without financiers. This is also largely attributed to the fact that a private businessperson has access to all the finances of the business and may not be in possession of all the knowledge to manage the resources (Hisrich, 2004). Another contributor to the financial challenges is the fact that small businesses all financial liability finally rests on a single person who becomes liable to all business debts in case of liability hence financial burden. Apart from undercapitalization, most small businesses suffer businesses also suffer problems of general mismanagement due to lack of skills by their owners who act as the central managers to the businesses (Hisrich, 2004). ... Apart from undercapitalization, most small businesses suffer businesses also suffer problems of general mismanagement due to lack of skills by their owners who act as the central managers to the businesses (Hisrich, 2004). This problem can only be eliminated if management can be separated from ownership. Actually this problem as observed in many small businesses resulted from a myth called the â€Å"Entrepreneurial Myth† where an expert in a given filed is believed to be in the position of running a successful business in the same field. This is normally not the case (Associates & Granville, 1989). Problems with employees is normally not that much in small businesses but still due to one on one touch with all its employees the business at times come to loggerheads with its employees (Hisrich, 2004). To help on the challenges above several legally instituted businesses are at the disposal of an entrepreneur to pick from when considering alleviating such issues. One is the sole proprietorship: this is a business entity where there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business (Hisrich, 2004). The owner enjoys all the profits and the benefits, has all the control in business operations with the only major challenge being difficulties in raising capital and harsh local authority taxation laws and regulations (Hisrich, 2004). Secondly, we have the partnerships. As opposed to sole trader, partnership is an association of more than one individual and a maximum of around twenty who in an association spirit comes together and draws what we call a partnership deed that is a legal binding document for all partners (Associates & Granville, 1989). This document defines their extent of operation and business insolvent. In this form of business, profits